![]() ![]() Eventually, the novel was officially released in Russian, but this only occurred in 1987, 47 years after Bulgakov's death. Afterwards, The Heart of a Dog was widely read in samizdat-that is, through secretive and unofficial channels meant to circumvent state censorship. Four years later, around the time that Bulgakov's works were banned by the Soviet state, the manuscript was returned to him. His personal diary and other works, including the novel, were confiscated because of their provocative character. This fear turned out to be well-founded: in attendance at the novel's debut was an informant for the Russian state, and after the reading, Bulgakov’s flat was searched. Though he had held a similar event the previous year to introduce his novel The Fatal Eggs, he was worried that his sharp satire of the Soviet state could lead to his arrest or worse at the hands of the authorities. Written when Bulgakov was 33 years old, it was first introduced to the public in March 1925 in a Moscow apartment with a gathering of approximately 50 contemporary intellectuals. Heart of a Dog is one of the best examples of Bulgakov's criticisms of life in the Soviet Union. ![]()
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